The treatment of musculoskeletal disorders cannot be imagined without the application of physical therapy. Physical therapy simply cannot be replaced by any other treatment. Physical therapy is always carried out by qualified physical therapists and the sessions are tailored to the individual. This therapy is a special type of movement therapy that uses physical exercises to restore the functions of the affected body part or organ. It aims to restore and improve movement and other functions (e.g., breathing, circulation, nerve function). Its methods consist of relaxation, strengthening and correction.
As a matter of fact, physical therapy can be quite effectively utilised for all kinds of musculoskeletal disorders, except for conditions accompanied by inflammation or fever.
Duration of treatment: 20 – 45 minutes
Underwater physical therapy involves movement in water. It is a very effective treatment method. The advantage of using water as a medium is enabling free movement in all directions in space. Underwater physical therapy is performed in comfortably lukewarm water (35-36 °C). Thanks to the force of buoyancy, when immersed in water, the muscles are released from their supporting function and they are able to relax. This means it’s possible to perform even those movements and positions that cannot realistically be carried out on dry ground. During the physical exercises, buoyancy reduces the weight of the body in motion in the water, so that the movements do not put any strain on the joints. The hydrostatic pressure influences metabolic processes, which results in an increase of the venous circulation and excretory function. Water as a medium provides resistance, so it can also be used to strengthen muscles. Resistance is the force exerted during underwater movement that helps improve general fitness and exercise tolerance. Movement in water affects the various parts of the musculoskeletal system, as well as the circulatory, respiratory and nervous systems.
The range of applications and the types of exercises are very varied, as they can be used to improve range of motion, strengthen muscles, increase strength and endurance, improve coordination, increase circulation and improve general fitness. It can be useful to complement physical therapy exercises carried out on dry ground.
Duration of treatment: 25 minutes
Medical massage improves blood circulation, relieves pain, helps relax the body, while it also has a local effect on the skin, as it improves the regeneration, tone and elasticity of the skin, making it more resistant to external impacts. It additionally causes significant changes in muscle tissue, increasing the blood supply to the muscles, increasing muscle tone, helping to loosen up muscle knots, improving muscle performance, reducing muscle soreness and eliminating fatigue.
What’s more, the massage treatment helps the movement of joints by loosening the muscles and connective tissue surrounding the joint. It also has a beneficial effect on the function of the exocrine glands; it promotes the elimination of waste products, accelerates the absorption of abnormal metabolic products, speeds up the circulation of superficial lymph vessels, and as a result, cellular function increases along with the regeneration of tissues. Blood pressure decreases, the heart is relieved, and the excretory system starts to function better.
Medical massage can be used effectively in a number of medical specialities for its beneficial effects in treating diseases. For example, it helps achieve favourable results in the chronic phase of orthopaedic diseases or rheumatological diseases, in the aftercare of neurological diseases, in internal medicine and in traumatology during rehabilitation.
Duration of treatment: 20 – 40 minutes
Underwater jet massage is primarily used for certain degenerative joint diseases and musculoskeletal disorders where the main aim is to normalise muscle tone and improve circulation. Thus, it can be used in musculoskeletal disorders, arthrosis, post-arthritis conditions, spondylosis, but it is also rather effective in peripheral circulatory disturbances and to increase blood and lymphatic flow. It can be applied in the rehabilitation period for traumatic injuries or to improve the physical condition of weakened patients.
Duration of treatment: 15 minutes
Underwater traction (pulling) was developed and introduced to the field of physiotherapy by the Hungarian rheumatologist Károly Moll from Hévíz. The aim of the treatment is to relax the nerves exiting the spinal canal that are under pressure, to reduce the tone of the erector spinae muscles and to reduce the restriction of range of motion in the spine, hip and knee joints. The buoyancy of the water, the traction achieved and, if the treatment is carried out using thermal water, the therapeutic effect of the latter all play a role in ensuring the desired results.
Underwater traction treatment can be used in cases of discopathy, spondylosis, spondyloarthrosis, cervicobrachialgia, lumbalgia, intercostal neuralgia, subacute or chronic radiculopathy, scoliosis, Scheuermann’s kyphosis, muscular contracture of the hip and knee.
Recommended duration: maximum 15 minutes, strictly according to the doctor’s instructions, observing the principle of gradualness
Ultrasound treatment involves the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy with the use of a crystal. Ultrasound treatment entails a threefold energy conversion: electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy in the ultrasound treatment head and then it transforms into thermal energy when entering the human tissue. Ultrasound causes tissue particles to vibrate at a frequency that corresponds to the ultrasound frequency. The elements of the cells start moving relative to each other, by way of an internal displacement on a molecular scale. This phenomenon causes micromassage in the tissue.
Ultrasound treatment is recommended for degenerative and inflammatory diseases of the spine and the joints of the extremities.
In treatment sessions combined with diadynamic therapy, the biological effects of ultrasound and electrical therapy add up together.
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